Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Pada Populasi Asia: A systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52046/biosainstek.v1i01.306Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus tipe 2, faktor risiko, kajian sistematikAbstract
Diabetes mellitus adalah penyakit kronis yang ditandai oleh hiperglikemia akibat gangguan produksi insulin, aksi insulin, atau keduanya. Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 dikenal juga sebagai non-insulin dependent yaitu diabetes yang disebabkan oleh ketidakmampuan tubuh untuk secara efektif menggunakan insulin. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan bahwa faktor risiko terjadinya DM tipe 2 yaitu varian genetik (genetic varian), lingkungan (environment) dan oleh interaksi gen-lingkungan (gene-environment interaction). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendata dan mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian DM tipe 2 pada populasi Asia dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian kajian sistematik (systematic review). Publikasi yang dikaji berupa hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari lembaga pengindeks Pubmed dengan batasan waktu publikasi 5 tahun terakhir. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh sebanyak 561 artikel tentang faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada populasi Asia yang kemudian disaring dan dieliminasi dengan beberapa alasan hingga diperoleh 72 artikel yang dinilai layak untuk dikaji. Dari hasil kajian ini diketahui bahwa faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada populasi Asia secara garis besar yaitu karena varian genetik (genetic varian), faktor lingkungan (environment) dan adanya interaksi antara gen-lingkungan (gene-environment interaction). Terdapat 24 varian genetik yang dilaporkan pada populasi Asia sebagai gen yang rentan terhadap DM tipe 2. Terdapat pula beberapa faktor lingkungan sebagai faktor risiko DM tipe 2 antara lain gaya hidup (lifestyle) dan profil antropometri. Interaksi antara gen-lingkungan juga sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya DM tipe 2, sebagai contoh antara lain interaksi antara gen dengan obesitas dan interaksi antara gen dengan merokok. Secara keseluruhan hasil kajian sistematik ini bermanfaat untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian DM tipe 2 yang dapat dimodifikasi sehingga pencegahan kejadian DM tipe 2 dapat dilakukan.
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24-11-2019
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Salasa, R. A., Rahman, H., & Andiani, A. (2019). Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 Pada Populasi Asia: A systematic Review. JURNAL BIOSAINSTEK, 1(01), 95–107. https://doi.org/10.52046/biosainstek.v1i01.306
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